The identification of Indigenous Peoples can be challenging. Not all countries with which the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) works recognize the rights, or even the existence of, Indigenous Peoples. It is critical, however, that international development practitioners engage with Indigenous Peoples to understand and address their goals, concerns, and challenges around a development project. USAID’s Policy on Promoting the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (PRO-IP) provides USAID Missions with a consistent approach to identifying and working with Indigenous Peoples to improve the measurable impact and sustainability of its programs. This toolkit presents some meaningful approaches to identifying Indigenous Peoples for USAID officers and partners and is for use, as applicable, for strategy or programmatic needs