In December 2021, high- and middle-income countries had a complete primary vaccination rate of 66 percent of their populations against COVID-19, while low-income countries had reached only 3 percent of their populations. Although hundreds of millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses had become available through global partnerships and donors, many countries were struggling to manage the influx of supply and administer doses in a timely manner. Recognizing the need for decisive leadership, global coordination, and technical support to administer surging donations of COVID-19 vaccines to people in need, the U.S. government stepped forward to launch the Initiative for Global Vaccine Access, known as Global VAX.