The Research Technical Assistance Center (RTAC) is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the terms of contract no. 7200AA18C00057. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of RTAC and NORC at the University of Chicago, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. March 2024 Case Study: Science and Technology Fellowships at USAID Science and Technology (S&T) fellows at USAID deploy their academic and research skills to expand the impact of USAID programs around the world. Monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) is a significant and cross-cutting feature of USAID’s work, helping USAID and its partners track progress, measure impact, and continually improve efforts. Monitoring entails gathering data to help USAID and its partners understand whether an activity is on track or if adjustments are needed, while evaluations help answer questions related to the implementation and outcomes of activities. Learning involves analyzing information on what is working, and what isn’t, to adapt and improve programming.