Mali has made great strides in improving reproductive, maternal, and child health in recent decades, but much work remains. Maternal mortality is still among the highest in the world, at 325 deaths per 100,000 live births, while children under 5 years have a mortality rate of 33 deaths per 1,000 live births. The 2018 Demographic and Health Survey reports that, at 6.3 children per woman, Mali’s total fertility rate (TFR) is higher than the Sub-Saharan Africa average rate of 4.8. Nutritionally, 25 percent of children nationwide are stunted, with the highest prevalence occurring in Gao (33 percent). The modern contraceptive prevalence rate among married women in both Gao and Timbuktu is lower than the national rate of 16 percent (15.1 and 11.1 percent, respectively). Grinding poverty, security and instability issues, high fertility, low literacy, and poor infrastructure continue to drive the country’s poor health outcomes.